python教程：Python爬取51cto数据并存入MySQL方法详解

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实验环境

1.安装Python 3.7

2.安装requests, bs4，pymysql 模块

实验步骤1.安装环境及模块

可参考https://www.jb51.net/article/194104.htm

2.编写代码

# 51cto 博客页面数据插入mysql数据库
# 导入模块
import re
import bs4
import pymysql
import requests

# 连接数据库账号密码
db = pymysql.connect(host='172.171.13.229',
           user='root', passwd='abc123',
           db='test', port=3306,
           charset='utf8')
# 获取游标
cursor = db.cursor()

def open_url(url):
  # 连接模拟网页访问
  headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
           'Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36'}
  res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  return res

# 爬取网页内容
def find_text(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')

  # 博客名
  titles = []
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_="tit")
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.strip()
    if "置顶" in each:
      each = each.split(' ')[0]
    titles.append(each)

  # 阅读量
  reads = []
  read1 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl on")
  read2 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl")
  for each in read1:
    reads.append(each.text)
  for each in read2:
    reads.append(each.text)

  # 评论数
  comment = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='comment fl')
  for each in targets:
    comment.append(each.text)

  # 收藏
  collects = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='collect fl')
  for each in targets:
    collects.append(each.text)

   # 发布时间
  dates=[]
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_='time fl')
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.split('：')[1]
    dates.append(each)

  # 插入sql 语句
  sql = """insert into blog (blog_title,read_number,comment_number, collect, dates)
  values( '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s');"""
  # 替换页面 \xa0
  for titles, reads, comment, collects, dates in zip(titles, reads, comment, collects, dates):
    reads = re.sub('\s', '', reads)
    comment = re.sub('\s', '', comment)
    collects = re.sub('\s', '', collects)
    cursor.execute(sql % (titles, reads, comment, collects，dates))
    db.commit()
    pass

# 统计总页数
def find_depth(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
  depth = soup.find('li', class_='next').previous_sibling.previous_sibling.text
  return int(depth)

# 主函数
def main():
  host = "https://blog.51cto.com/13760351"
  res = open_url(host) # 打开首页链接
  depth = find_depth(res) # 获取总页数

  # 爬取其他页面信息
  for i in range(1, depth + 1):
    url = host + '/p' + str(i) # 完整链接
    res = open_url(url) # 打开其他链接
    find_text(res) # 爬取数据

  # 关闭游标
  cursor.close()
  # 关闭数据库连接
  db.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

3..MySQL创建对应的表

CREATE TABLE `blog` (
 `row_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
 `blog_title` varchar(52) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
 `read_number` varchar(26) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '阅读数量',
 `comment_number` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '评论数量',
 `collect` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收藏数量',
 `dates` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '发布日期',
 PRIMARY KEY (`row_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

4.运行代码，查看效果:

改进版：

改进内容：

1.数据库里面的某些字段只保留数字即可

2.默认爬取的内容都是字符串，存放数据库的某些字段，最好改为整型，方便后面数据库操作

1.代码如下：

import re
import bs4
import pymysql
import requests

# 连接数据库
db = pymysql.connect(host='172.171.13.229',
           user='root', passwd='abc123',
           db='test', port=3306,
           charset='utf8')
# 获取游标
cursor = db.cursor()

def open_url(url):
  # 连接模拟网页访问
  headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
           'Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36'}
  res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  return res

# 爬取网页内容
def find_text(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')

  # 博客标题
  titles = []
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_="tit")
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.strip()
    if "置顶" in each:
      each = each.split(' ')[0]
    titles.append(each)

  # 阅读量
  reads = []
  read1 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl on")
  read2 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl")
  for each in read1:
    reads.append(each.text)
  for each in read2:
    reads.append(each.text)

  # 评论数
  comment = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='comment fl')
  for each in targets:
    comment.append(each.text)

  # 收藏
  collects = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='collect fl')
  for each in targets:
    collects.append(each.text)

  # 发布时间
  dates=[]
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_='time fl')
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.split('：')[1]
    dates.append(each)

  # 插入sql 语句
  sql = """insert into blogs (blog_title,read_number,comment_number, collect, dates)
  values( '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s');"""
  # 替换页面 \xa0
  for titles, reads, comment, collects, dates in zip(titles, reads, comment, collects, dates):
    reads = re.sub('\s', '', reads)
    reads=int(re.sub('\D', "", reads)) #匹配数字，转换为整型
    comment = re.sub('\s', '', comment)
    comment = int(re.sub('\D', "", comment)) #匹配数字，转换为整型
    collects = re.sub('\s', '', collects)
    collects = int(re.sub('\D', "", collects)) #匹配数字，转换为整型
    dates = re.sub('\s', '', dates)
    cursor.execute(sql % (titles, reads, comment, collects,dates))
    db.commit()
    pass

# 统计总页数
def find_depth(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
  depth = soup.find('li', class_='next').previous_sibling.previous_sibling.text
  return int(depth)

# 主函数
def main():
  host = "https://blog.51cto.com/13760351"
  res = open_url(host) # 打开首页链接
  depth = find_depth(res) # 获取总页数

  # 爬取其他页面信息
  for i in range(1, depth + 1):
    url = host + '/p' + str(i) # 完整链接
    res = open_url(url) # 打开其他链接
    find_text(res) # 爬取数据

  # 关闭游标
  cursor.close()
  # 关闭数据库连接
  db.close()

#主程序入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

2.创建对应表

CREATE TABLE `blogs` (
 `row_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
 `blog_title` varchar(52) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
 `read_number` int(26) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '阅读数量',
 `comment_number` int(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '评论数量',
 `collect` int(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收藏数量',
 `dates` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '发布日期',
 PRIMARY KEY (`row_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

3.运行代码，验证

升级版

为了能让小白就可以使用这个程序，可以把这个项目打包成exe格式的文件，让其他人，使用电脑就可以运行代码，这样非常方便！

1.改进代码：

#末尾修改为：
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()
  print("\n\t\t所有数据已成功存放数据库！!! \n")
  time.sleep(5)

2.安装打包模块pyinstaller(cmd安装）

pip install pyinstaller -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

3.Python代码打包

1.切换到需要打包代码的路径下面

2.在cmd窗口运行 pyinstaller -F test03.py （test03为项目名称）

4.查看exe包

在打包后会出现dist目录，打好包就在这个目录里面

5.运行exe包，查看效果

检查数据库

相关学习推荐：mysql教程

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